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Last modified by Tjalling Haije on 2025/09/15 08:49
From version 5.1
edited by Rosa Van Tuijn
on 2025/07/08 11:09
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To version 7.1
edited by Rosa Van Tuijn
on 2025/07/08 11:22
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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18 18  
19 19  == 2.2 Experimental design ==
20 20  
21 -The table below shows the start questions of every questionnaire:
21 +The study used a role-based, exploratory design to assess how different types of sensor data (health, communication, location) support decision-making at tactical and operational levels. Five tailored questionnaires were developed, each focusing on a specific technology. The design emphasized gathering qualitative insights through open-ended questions and evaluating visualization preferences using example formats. An example of the question that were asked can be found below. The table below shows the start questions of every questionnaire:
22 22  
23 23  |(% colspan="2" %)Participant information
24 24  |Q: What type of partner are you?|(((
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33 33  * Other:
34 34  )))
35 35  
36 -The questionnaire for the WEARIN’ body sensor data is detailed in the table below.
36 +The questionnaire for the WEARIN’ body sensor data is detailed in the table below. It also shows the interface sketches that were made for this technology. The sketches for the other design can be found in: [[a. Prototype CFT1: Data visualization examples>>doc:3\. Evaluation.a\. Prototype.WebHome]].
37 37  
38 38  |(% colspan="2" %)WEARIN’ health data
39 39  |Q: What types of health data do you think helps determines the status of a First responder?|Open answer
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46 46  |
47 47  | |[[image:1751972821005-693.png]]
48 48  
49 -
50 50  This visualization that is presented during the next two questions.
51 51  Visual description: What types of medical data do you think is useful for people at the USAR Basecamp (tactical), and what kind of data is useful for people that work in the field (operational)?
52 52  )))
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75 75  |
76 76  | |[[image:1751972821011-457.png]]
77 77  
78 -
79 79  This visualization is presented during the next questions.
80 80  Visualization description: Which roles do you think might also need some type of access to medical information? Why?
81 81  )))
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86 86  | | | |
87 87  | |[[image:1751972821013-625.png]]| |[[image:1751972821015-169.png]]
88 88  
89 -
90 90  These visualizations is presented during the next ten questions.
91 91  Visualization description: We have created sketches of possibilities to display the health data. The first screen shows the health status of all teams, while the second screen is zoomed in on one team and its members. How important is it to see these screens for the following roles?
92 92  )))
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106 106  |
107 107  | |[[image:1751972821015-618.png]]
108 108  
109 -
110 110  This visualization is presented during the next seven questions.
111 111  Visualization description: This screen shows a **summarized status view** of the medical data. The square with the cross icon shows the current status of the first responder and can turn green to indicate that the status is good and can turn orange to indicate that the status is not good. An alert can also be presented with the red triangle, this indicates an upcoming (predicted) or a large change in status.
112 112  )))
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123 123  |
124 124  | |[[image:1751972821016-346.png]]
125 125  
126 -
127 127  This visualization is presented during the next questions.
128 128  Visualization description: This screen shows **detailed raw health data** of different team members. It shows it both in a graphs as in data points.
129 129  )))
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140 140  |
141 141  | |[[image:1751972821017-499.png]]
142 142  
143 -
144 144  This visualization is presented during the next questions.
145 145  Visualization description: This screen shows **Aggregated health data** of different team members, combined in a way to show.
146 146  )))
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157 157  |
158 158  | |[[image:1751972821017-270.png]]
159 159  
160 -
161 161  This visualization is presented during the next questions.
162 162  Visualization description: This screen shows **Predicted health data** of the possible future health status of team members, including advice about future actions that should be taken to keep the First Responders safe.
163 163  )))
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171 171  
172 172  == 2.3 Tasks ==
173 173  
167 +Participants were asked to:
174 174  
169 +* Describe how sensor data could support their role.
170 +* Identify specific data needs relevant to their operational or tactical responsibilities.
171 +* Evaluate various visualization formats (e.g., traffic lights, raw data, predictions).
172 +* Provide feedback on the clarity and usefulness of each visualization type.
173 +
175 175  == 2.4 Measures ==
176 176  
176 +The study measured:
177 177  
178 +* **Perceived usefulness** of different data types (e.g., heart rate, GPS).
179 +* **Role-specific data needs**, categorized by tactical, and operational levels.
180 +* **Visualization preferences**, including simplicity, detail, and trust in predictive models.
181 +* **Qualitative feedback** on visualization examples and their applicability in field scenarios.
182 +
178 178  == 2.5 Procedure ==
179 179  
185 +During the field test in Greece:
180 180  
187 +1. Participants were briefed on the goal of the study.
188 +1. Each participant received a questionnaire about one of the technologies that they could fill in with their role in mind.
189 +1. They completed the questionnaire individually, providing both structured and open-ended responses.
190 +1. During the questionnaire they could ask questions to the researchers for extra clarity.
191 +1. Visualization examples were shown to elicit preferences and feedback.
192 +1. Responses were collected and analyzed to identify patterns across roles and technologies.
193 +
181 181  == 2.6 Material ==
182 182  
196 +* **Five questionnaires made** created in Survalyzer and presented on a tablet.
197 +* **Visualization examples** included traffic light indicators, raw and aggregated data, predictive analytics, and advisory outputs.
183 183  
184 184  = 3. Results =
185 185  
186 -
187 -= 4. Discussion =
188 -
189 -
190 -= 5. Conclusions =
191 -
192 192  **Health data**
193 193  
194 194  Types of health data: heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and mental health were frequently mentioned as essential.
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200 200  * Paramedic (Operational) - Necessary for directly treating team members.
201 201  * First Responder - Relevant for personal health and well-being.
202 202  
203 -Conclusion: Health data is essential for a wide range of roles, but the requirements vary greatly. Medical personnel and paramedics request detailed and contextual data, while team leaders and first responders value summaries and simple alerts more. Transparency in predictive models is necessary to build trust.
212 +Highlight: Health data is essential for a wide range of roles, but the requirements vary greatly. Medical personnel and paramedics request detailed and contextual data, while team leaders and first responders value summaries and simple alerts more. Transparency in predictive models is necessary to build trust.
204 204  
205 205  
206 206  **Location data**
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213 213  * Squad leader (Operational) - Necessary for instructing team members.
214 214  * First Responder - Helps with orientation and finding victims.
215 215  
216 -Conclusion: Location data plays a crucial role in both tactical and operational decisions. Tactical team leaders want aggregated and sector-based data, while operational roles such as squad leaders and first responders need detailed and real-time information. 3D maps and interactive elements are valuable tools to improve navigation and coordination.
225 +Highlight: Location data plays a crucial role in both tactical and operational decisions. Tactical team leaders want aggregated and sector-based data, while operational roles such as squad leaders and first responders need detailed and real-time information. 3D maps and interactive elements are valuable tools to improve navigation and coordination.
217 217  
218 218  
219 219  **Communication data**
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227 227  * Squad leader (Operational) - Relevant for field communication.
228 228  * First Responder - Only needed for personal connectivity.
229 229  
230 -Conclusion: Communication plays a central role at all levels of USAR operations. Tactical users need extensive analyses to monitor team status, while operational roles such as IT specialists focus on technical troubleshooting. Advisory functions and visual simplicity could contribute to effectiveness in the field.
239 +Highlight: Communication plays a central role at all levels of USAR operations. Tactical users need extensive analyses to monitor team status, while operational roles such as IT specialists focus on technical troubleshooting. Advisory functions and visual simplicity could contribute to effectiveness in the field.
240 +
241 += 4. Discussion =
242 +
243 +The study highlights the importance of tailoring sensor data visualization to user roles. Tactical users benefit from aggregated, strategic overviews, while operational users require detailed, real-time data. Visualization design must balance simplicity with informativeness, and predictive models must be transparent to build trust. These insights can guide future development of adaptive interfaces for USAR operations.
244 +
245 += 5. Conclusions =
246 +
247 +The field test demonstrated that sensor data—when tailored to user roles and operational contexts—can significantly enhance decision-making in USAR operations. However, the type, granularity, and presentation of data must align with the specific needs of tactical and operational users.
248 +
249 +* **Health data** is universally valued but interpreted differently across roles. Medical personnel and paramedics require detailed, contextual information to make clinical decisions, while team leaders and first responders benefit more from simplified summaries and alerts. Trust in predictive health models hinges on transparency and clarity.
250 +* **Location data** is essential for both coordination and navigation. Tactical users prefer aggregated, sector-based overviews to manage teams, whereas operational users such as squad leaders and first responders need real-time, detailed data to orient themselves and locate victims. Tools like 3D maps and interactive visualizations are especially helpful.
251 +* **Communication data** supports both strategic oversight and technical troubleshooting. Tactical roles benefit from system-wide connectivity insights, while operational roles focus on individual and team-level communication. Simplicity in visualization and advisory features can improve usability and effectiveness in the field.
252 +
253 +Overall, the study underscores the importance of **role-specific data visualization** and the need for **adaptive interfaces** that balance detail with usability. Future developments should prioritize **clarity, trust, and contextual relevance** to ensure sensor data truly supports the diverse needs of USAR personnel.