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1		-USAR and firefighting operations are carried out by a mix of professionals and trained volunteers who work long shifts under high risk and high tempo. Structures differ across Europe (national fire services, civil protection agencies like THW, mixed volunteer/pro units), but field reality is consistent: clear command, sector/task discipline, and pragmatic “get it done” culture. In SYNERGISE we focus first on people who directly touch the technology or whose decisions depend on it. That includes emerging roles (drone pilot, sensor/video analyst, C4I home base operator, information analyst) alongside classic USAR roles (team lead, squad lead, paramedic, search/rescue tech). Interviews repeatedly stressed: don’t make the same person both “set up” and “go in”; treat setup time as an investment only if it clearly pays back in safety, speed, or certainty later; and keep prep at BoO** **with just-in-time activation at the worksite. New tech must fit rhythms already in use (USAR vs. Fire tempo), respect national certification (e.g., drone licensing), and be configurable to local doctrine while sharing a common core.
	1	+Direct stakeholders interact directly with developed technologies. The tables below shows relevant stakeholders in Synergise, divided in general stakeholders and first responders. When we describe how these stakeholders collaborate with technologies, we may also refer to them as //actors. //
2	2
3		-== Main Stakeholders SYNERGISE technologies ==
	3	+== General Stakeholders ==
4	4
5		-Below are a number of stakeholders that will interact directly with the proposed technologies in SYNERGISE. The term 'First Responder' is an umbrella term for different types of stakeholders. These stakeholders are further identified in the stakeholders this table.
	5	+Generally, there are two types of stakeholders that will interact directly with the proposed technologies in Synergise. The term 'First Responder' is an umbrella term for different types of stakeholders. These stakeholders are further identified in the First Responders subsection.
6	6
7	7	(% class="table-striped" %)
8		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**First Responder (FR)**|(% style="width:794px" %)Form the first response to incidents. INSARAG distinguishes between three First Response organisations: Civil Defence/Protection (police), Local Emergency Services (firefighters and emergency medical technician//, //EMTs), and Community First Responders. First responders can be //local //or //international//,// //if international help is requested for large incidents.
9		-\\Tasks: breaching, shoring, extrication, interior search. Needs: go/no-go cues, simple wayfinding, hazard alerts that don’t drown out radio discipline. Decisions: continue, withdraw, change access path. Tech: rugged handheld/wearable, glanceable alerts, offline maps.
10		-//Notes~:// Avoid alert fatigue; if an alert matters, it must be rare, explainable, and immediately actionable. Setup “on the apron” is fine; strapped-on sensors too early are just dead weight until entry.
11		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Victim **|(% style="width:794px" %)(((
	8	+|**First Responder (FR)**|Form the first response to incidents. INSARAG distinguishes between three First Response organisations: Civil Defence/Protection (police), Local Emergency Services (firefighters and emergency medical technician//, //EMTs), and Community First Responders. First responders can be //local //or //international//,// //if international help is requested for large incidents.
	9	+|**Victim **|(((
12	12	Victims can be direct stakeholders, when they have to interact directly with technologies. For example, if victims have to communicate with robot actors, they are directly affected by how these robot actors function.
13	13	)))
14		-|(% style="width:162px" %)(((
15		-**Squad Leader (worksite)**
16		-)))|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: route choice, team tasking, safety checks, on-site deconfliction. Needs: live worksite map (markers, hazards, team status), quick comms, ability to mute non-critical feeds during critical phases. Tech: role-based dashboard; add/confirm markers; radio + data in one glance.
17		-//Notes~:// Wants answers, not raw feeds. Mark-verify-notify loops must be fast. Prefers just-in-time sensor fitting at the worksite.
18		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Team Leader (field or HQ)**|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: prioritize sectors/sites, assign teams, align with LEMA/OSOCC. Needs: rolled-up picture, change feed (“what changed since last brief”), escalation options. Tech: COP with filters, status roll-ups, one-click briefing.
19		-//Notes~:// Treat setup time as //investment//. Accepts minor startup cost if it clearly shortens later operations or reduces risk.
20		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Drone/Robot Pilot**|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: launch, supervise autonomous scans, manual inspection, safe recovery. Needs: stable link, people/drone separation cues, battery/health, quick handover to/from analyst. Tech: low-latency video/controls; airspace & ground-proximity cues.
21		-//Notes~:// Split pilot/analyst by default; don’t ask one person to fly //and// interpret. Fire contexts are truck-based with pilot + observer; USAR can accommodate more pre-entry setup.
22		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Sensor & Video Analyst**|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: interpret feeds, confirm detections, place map markers, advise routes. Needs: synchronized video/thermal/3D, annotation tools, confidence + “why”, provenance. Tech: layered overlays; flag→mark→notify workflow.
23		-//Notes~:// Analysts prefer to push //decisions// and //routes//, not heatmaps; they want re-task buttons (“re-scan this door void”).
24		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Information Analyst (field or HQ)**|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: curate sector/worksite status, maintain “one source of truth,” produce reports. Needs: versioning, role-based visibility, audit trail. Tech: C3I forms, bulk updates, snapshots.
25		-//Notes~:// Fights duplication and drift; wants structured fields but fast capture in the field (short forms, later enrich).
26		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Paramedic (worksite)**|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: triage/treat victims; monitor responder vitals; escalate alerts. Needs: traffic-light for non-medics; drill-down for medics; location-to-patient path. Tech: personal baselines, thresholds, confirm/ack flow.
27		-//Notes~:// Keep responders’ privacy by default; show only what a role needs. Escalation should route to medic first, then TL.
28		-|(% style="width:162px" %)**Structural Engineer**|(% style="width:794px" %)Tasks: assess stability, advise shoring, approve entry. Needs: quick 3D slices of interior paths, hazard overlays, decision log.
29		-//Notes~:// Values simple, trustworthy measurements over fancy visuals; wants to annotate “do not cut here / brace here.”
30	30
	13	+== First Responders ==
31	31
	15	+In Synergise, we distinguish between two First Responder departments: Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) and Fire Department (FD). These two department work closely together during an incident. At the end of the overview, some new actors are identified that do not currently exist, but that will need to be included when new technologies are introduced.
32	32
33		-== General insights from interviews with stakeholders ==
34		-
35		-
36		-**Split control & analysis.** Robots work best with a distinct **Pilot** and **Analyst**; and a specific **Overview** role when multiple robots run. Design implication: default to separate UI profiles and explicit handovers; shared annotations sync by default.
37		-
38		-**Set up or go in.** Frontline shouldn’t run complex tech during entry. Design implication: shift setup to BoO or staging; enable just-in-time activation at the worksite; minimize attach/remove steps.
39		-
40		-**Investment, not sacrifice.** Startup costs must pay back in later speed/safety. Design implication: show expected payoff (e.g., saved search time) and keep setup under a known ceiling.
41		-
42		-**Answers over feeds.** Leaders want decisions and routes, not raw sensor firehoses. Design implication: analyst tools publish //recommendations// with provenance; commanders get roll-ups and “what changed.”
43		-
44		-**Graceful degradation.** Networks fail; work continues. Design implication: offline-first, store-and-forward, mesh hints, on-device caching; visible confidence and data age.
45		-
46		-**Role-based privacy.** Health and video data need scoped visibility. Design implication: strict role views, consent/ack flows, redaction by default on exports.
47		-
48		-
49		-== All roles within USAR operation ==
50		-
51		-In SYNERGISE, we distinguish between two First Responder departments: Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) and Fire Department (FD). These two departments work closely together during an incident. At the end of the overview, some new actors are identified that do not currently exist, but that will need to be included when new technologies are introduced.
52		-
53	53	[[image:hierarchical overview.png]]
54	54
55	55
56		-(% class="table-striped" style="width:641.656px" %)
57		-|=(% scope="row" %)**Stakeholder**|=(% style="width: 468.656px;" %)**Description **
58		-|[[image:Asset 26\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	20	+(% class="table-striped" %)
	21	+|=(% scope="row" %)**Stakeholder**|=**Description **
	22	+|[[image:Asset 26\@4x.png]]|(((
59	59	**USAR Coordination Cell**
60	60
61		-Manages the (international) coordination between all stakeholders involved in an incident.
	25	+Manages the (international) coordination between all stakeholders involved in an incident
62	62	)))
63		-|[[image:Asset 25\@4x.png||alt="Asset 26@4x.png"]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	27	+|[[image:Asset 25\@4x.png||alt="Asset 26@4x.png"]]|(((
64	64	**Team Leader (TL) - USAR**
65	65
66	66	Responsible for the whole USAR team. Communication with UCC
...	...	@@ -67,22 +67,22 @@
67	67
68	68	Participates at the team leader meetings to get tasks assigned
69	69	)))
70		-|[[image:Asset 22\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	34	+|[[image:Asset 22\@4x.png]]|(((
71	71	**Deputy Team leader - USAR**
72	72
73	73	Responsible for all staff at the Base of Operations (BOO)
74	74	)))
75		-|[[image:Asset 23\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	39	+|[[image:Asset 23\@4x.png]]|(((
76	76	**Staff - USAR**
77	77
78	78	Located at the BOO. Includes: Information, Staff, Media, ICT,  and Hazmat
79		-)))|(% style="width:1px" %)
80		-|[[image:Asset 21\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	43	+)))|
	44	+|[[image:Asset 21\@4x.png]]|(((
81	81	**Logistics - USAR**
82	82
83	83	Located at the BOO. Responsible for logistics of an incident
84	84	)))
85		-|[[image:Asset 20\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	49	+|[[image:Asset 20\@4x.png]]|(((
86	86	**Medical - USAR**
87	87
88	88	Located at the BOO. Medical professionals.
...	...	@@ -93,17 +93,17 @@
93	93
94	94	Assesses medical equipment for extraction
95	95	)))
96		-|[[image:Asset 19\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	60	+|[[image:Asset 19\@4x.png]]|(((
97	97	**Liaison - USAR**
98	98
99	99	Located at the BOO. Responsible for the communication with third-party organisations during an incident
100	100	)))
101		-|[[image:Asset 18\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	65	+|[[image:Asset 18\@4x.png]]|(((
102	102	**Chief of Operations - USAR**
103	103
104	104	Responsible for all rescue operations at all assigned worksites; usually at a worksite during setup and during critical phases
105	105	)))
106		-|[[image:1724250237332-368.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	70	+|[[image:1724250237332-368.png]]|(((
107	107	**Chief Search and Rescue - USAR**
108	108
109	109	Responsible for all staff at one worksite
...	...	@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
116	116
117	117	Overall strategy and safety in line with guidance by CoO and advice of paramedic, structural engineer and squad leader after initial overview/ survey
118	118	)))
119		-|[[image:Asset 16\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	83	+|[[image:Asset 16\@4x.png]]|(((
120	120	**Squad Leader - USAR**
121	121
122	122	Located in the field. Leads the technical rescue operation
...	...	@@ -129,42 +129,42 @@
129	129
130	130	Decides and guides search techniques, routes inside the worksite and breaking/ breaching as well as rope rescue
131	131	)))
132		-|[[image:Asset 15\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	96	+|[[image:Asset 15\@4x.png]]|(((
133	133	**Structural Engineer - USAR**
134	134
135	135	Located in the field. Analyses structural integrity of buildings to assess risks of collapse and stabilises buildings where necessary
136	136	)))
137		-|[[image:Asset 14\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	101	+|[[image:Asset 14\@4x.png]]|(((
138	138	**Paramedic - USAR**
139	139
140	140	Located in the field. Assesses victim health and performs emergency treatment for victim stabilisation where necessary
141	141	)))
142		-|[[image:Asset 13\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	106	+|[[image:Asset 13\@4x.png]]|(((
143	143	**Maintenance - USAR**
144	144
145	145	Located in the field. Responsible for maintenance during an incident
146	146	)))
147		-|[[image:Asset 12\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	111	+|[[image:Asset 12\@4x.png]]|(((
148	148	**Rescue Expert - USAR**
149	149
150	150	Located in the field. Expertise in rescuing victims
151	151	)))
152		-|[[image:Asset 11\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	116	+|[[image:Asset 11\@4x.png]]|(((
153	153	**Search Tech - USAR**
154	154
155	155	Located in the field. Expertise in searching for victims
156	156	)))
157		-|[[image:Asset 10\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	121	+|[[image:Asset 10\@4x.png]]|(((
158	158	**Dog + Handler - USAR**
159	159
160	160	Located in the field. Searches for (entrapped) victims with the help of scent
161	161	)))
162		-|[[image:Asset 24\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	126	+|[[image:Asset 24\@4x.png]]|(((
163	163	**Fire Chief - FD**
164	164
165	165	Responsible for all staff at a fire department
166	166	)))
167		-|[[image:Asset 9\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	131	+|[[image:Asset 9\@4x.png]]|(((
168	168	**Incident Commander (IC) - FD**
169	169
170	170	Responsible for the incident as a whole
...	...	@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
173	173
174	174	Chair of the team leader meetings
175	175	)))
176		-|[[image:Asset 8\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	140	+|[[image:Asset 8\@4x.png]]|(((
177	177	**Team Leader - FD**
178	178
179	179	Participate at the team leader meetings to get tasks assigned
...	...	@@ -182,22 +182,22 @@
182	182
183	183	Communication with "her/his" IC
184	184	)))
185		-|[[image:Asset 7\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	149	+|[[image:Asset 7\@4x.png]]|(((
186	186	**Chauffeur - FD**
187	187
188	188	Drives the firefighters to and around the incident
189	189	)))
190		-|[[image:Asset 6\@4x.png]]|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	154	+|[[image:Asset 6\@4x.png]]|(((
191	191	**Firefighter - FD**
192	192
193	193	Responsible for mitigating hazards such as fires and gas leaks
194	194	)))
195		-(% class="warning" %)|//[[image:Asset 2\@4x.png]]//|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	159	+(% class="warning" %)|//[[image:Asset 2\@4x.png]]//|(((
196	196	//**Tactical Operator - NEW**//
197	197
198	198	//Located in the BOO. Responsible for controlling robots remotely. //
199	199	)))
200		-(% class="warning" %)|//[[image:Asset 1\@4x.png]]//|(% style="width:468.656px" %)(((
	164	+(% class="warning" %)|//[[image:Asset 1\@4x.png]]//|(((
201	201	//**Operational Operator (Field Operator) - NEW**//
202	202
203	203	//Located in the field. Responsible for controlling robots on-site. //