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Last modified by Mark Neerincx on 2025/09/08 07:01
From version 5.1
edited by Mark Neerincx
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To version 3.1
edited by Tjalling Haije
on 2025/07/07 07:34
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1 -"Situation Awareness is the perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future" (Endsley, 1995a, p. 36). Situation Awareness (SA) is critical in various domains, particularly in high-stakes environments like aviation, healthcare, and emergency response. It is subdivided into 3 levels of "awareness":
1 +Situation Awareness (SA) is critical in various domains, particularly in high-stakes environments like aviation, healthcare, and emergency response. It is subdivided into 3 levels of "awareness":
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3 3  * (((
4 4  **Level I SA refers to perceptions of elements in the [[environment>>doc:Main.sdf.Environments.WebHome]]**. This includes all data and stimuli that appeal to the 5 senses. Examples of level I SA in trauma resuscitation would include pulse, blood pressure, airway status, and significant injuries.
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15 15  [[Figure 1. Shared Knowledge combined with Complimentary knowledge creates Total team situational awareness>>image:Situational awareness.jpg||alt="Shared knowledge combined with complimentary knowledge creates total team situational awareness" height="206" width="436"]]
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17 +Important evaluation methods are the following:
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18 -|= Concept |= Definition / Focus |= Knowledge Type |= Focus Area |= Key Recent Publication |
19 -| Mental Models / Shared Mental Models (SMMs) | Internal structures guiding understanding and collective behavior, especially in human‑AI teams | Individual or Shared | Cognition | Andrews et al. (2023): “The role of shared mental models in human‑AI teams” {{cite}}turn0search5{{/cite}} |
20 -| Situation Awareness / Shared Situation Awareness | Perception, comprehension, projection of environment—shared across team members and agents | Activated (individual/shared) | Perception, cognition, action | Gao et al. (2023): “Agent Teaming Situation Awareness (ATSA)” {{cite}}turn0academia20{{/cite}} |
21 -| Transactive Memory System (TMS) | Distributed “who knows what” within teams to enable coordination | Distributed | Cognition | Georgiadou (2024): Development of TMS in new venture teams {{cite}}turn0search15{{/cite}} |
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24 -Important **evaluation method**s are the following:
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26 26  * **Situational Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT)** is a widely used method by periodically freezing the test use case (e.g., a simulation) and querying participants about the status of the environment. There is also a version (Team SAGAT) for assessing shared situation awareness [3-5].
27 27  * **Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM)** measures SA by requiring participants to answer queries about the environment in real time. Team SPAM focuses on real-time queries to multiple team members to assess their collective awareness [5-7].
28 28  * **Teamwork Situational Awareness Rating Technique (TSART)** is a subjective measure of distributed (team) situation awareness in which team members rate their awareness of other team members’ activities and intentions [8].
29 29  
30 -**Implications for SYNERGISE:**
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32 -Enhancing SA is a primary claim for both our drone and sensor interventions. Participants acknowledged that tools like drones can indeed **enhance situation awareness and efficiency**, but **context matters**. In fast-paced scenarios, they favored minimal setup and real-time feeds for immediate SA, whereas in longer operations more detailed analysis was acceptable. Crucially, responders want technology to support their SA //without supplanting their judgment//. Maintaining **human oversight** of autonomous systems was deemed important so that the team’s situational understanding remains aligned with reality.
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34 34  ----
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36 36  [1] M.C. Wright, M.R. Endsley. Building shared situation awareness in healthcare settings. doi: [[10.1201/9781315588056-7>>url:http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315588056-7]]
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48 48  [7] Durso, F. T., Truitt, T. R., Hackworth, C. A., Crutchfield, J., Nikolic, D., & Manning, C. A. (1998). "Situation awareness as a predictor of performance for en route air traffic controllers." //Air Traffic Control Quarterly//, 6(1), 1-20.
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50 50  [8] Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., & Jenkins, D. P. (2009). "Distributed situation awareness: Theory, measurement and application to teamwork." Ashgate Publishing.
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52 -[9] Endsley, M. R. (1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. //Human Factors//, 37(1), 32–64. https:~/~/doi.org/10.1518/00187209577904954